New Kellogg Study Reveals Common Entrepreneurial Traits
When most people think of the “ideal” entrepreneur, they picture someone like Mark Zuckerberg, an individual who is young, ambitious, and nonconformist. They imagine someone who is eager to change the status quo. We tend to mythologize these young disrupters as the consummate startup founder with these common entrepreneurial traits.
However, a recent research study from Northwestern University Kellogg School of Management has revealed that’s not the case at all. The reality is that most successful entrepreneurs are actually middle-aged, have extensive experience in their industry or sector, and their serious innovation arises from the result of their deep experience.
Entrepreneurs Are Knowledgeable
“Those with industry experience are much more likely to hit a home run than those who come from outside the sector,” explains co-author Benjamin F. Jones, Professor of Strategy and Entrepreneurship. He goes on to say, “If you’re familiar with the ins and outs of an industry, having worked in it, and you have a strong professional network, your odds of success are greater.”
Most successful entrepreneurs have to know the products, customers, suppliers, competitors, and channels of distribution well. They have to know what works and what doesn’t.
For example, Ray Kroc gained years of experience in the restaurant industry before he experienced his breakthrough success with McDonald’s. The same goes for David Duffield, the founder of PeopleSoft. He began his career understanding the nitty-gritty details of the software industry before he made his innovations.
Entrepreneurial breakthroughs mostly happen to people in their 40s, like David Duffield, founder of PeopleSoft, according to new Northwestern Kellogg entrepreneurship research.
“I’ve studied age and creativity for a while, and there’s a pattern of Nobel Prize winners, inventors, artists, and innovative minds making breakthroughs in their 40s,” Jones says. “I don’t think it’s an accident that we see the same pattern in business. These are people who have been around for a while and seen what works.”
Entrepreneurs Learn from Every Experience
However, it’s just working knowledge of their industry that leads to entrepreneurial success; it’s the ability to learn from every experience. Successful startup founders need a combination of education, experience, and specific market knowledge to get their innovations off the ground.
There’s also a need for entrepreneurs to have access to an extensive network so that they can learn from those around them. Most founders work within their social networks to facilitate creation and to get their ventures up and running.
Entrepreneurs Try Again and Again
Finally, there’s the law of batting averages. The more chances an experienced entrepreneur takes, the greater the odds are that one of their opportunities will be successful. Not everyone is willing to keep trying even after a list of failed ventures. For example, Ray Krock was in his fifties before McDonald’s became a success. Before that, he struggled to get any of his ideas to take off.
“It’s a matter of probabilities,” Jones explains. “Those who study their industry and pay close attention have either learned some things through trial and error themselves, or learned by watching others. Maybe failure itself is a useful instructor. Or maybe it’s just about having more swings of the bat.”
You can read the full article on Kellogg Insight.
This article has been edited and published with permissions from its original source, Clear Admit.
Are Business School Neighborhoods Becoming More Gentrified?
When universities are found in downtown urban areas, gentrification most often follows. It almost seems inevitable since universities bring in more individuals with higher education, draw in more money, and increase new businesses. But what does the rapid increase of gentrification statistics mean for the business school students looking to start their career in a new area?
What Is Gentrification?
First, we need to look at what gentrification is. In simple terms, it’s the influx of more affluent residents moving into urbanized neighborhoods. At the outset, it may sound good, but it can be controversial.
Gentrification may improve the financial quality of a neighborhood, but it can also force the relocation of current residents and businesses due to increasing costs. Often, the process of gentrification also shifts a neighborhood’s racial and ethnic composition, as well as the average household income. This can lead to community displacement for lower-income families in gentrified areas, some of which often live in the area for several generations.
However, there is a grey area. Gentrification happens when a location becomes increasingly attractive. At that point, more high-income individuals move into the area bringing in investments in the community and leading to improved infrastructure and economic development.
What Causes Gentrification?
According to a recent comprehensive review of gentrification completed by researchers at UC Berkeley and UCLA, gentrification most often occurs when more public transportation is available. People are more attracted to transit hubs because they allow more privileged groups to trade car commutes for transit and signal a large-scale commitment to neighborhood upgrading, which, in turn, leads to increased employment opportunities.
Another spur to gentrification is education. Quality schools, universities, colleges, and medical centers tend to shape gentrification. The substantial federal support that public universities receive brings money into neighborhoods through many means including housing and housing subsidies for faculty and staff. A CityLab study revealed that universities and other academic institutions are key to attracting the creative class, creating more market demand and political pressure for better amenities, schools, and other services.
Analyzing University Neighborhood Gentrification Statistics
Since universities have such an impact on gentrification, we thought we’d take a look at what areas and schools have been most affected. While gentrification is not something most urban areas should aspire for, it happens, and it’s important to know where it’s occurring the most.
To find out, we looked at a recent study by RentCafe of the most gentrified areas in the U.S. The study took a look at the 2000 Census and the 2016 American Community Survey to see the changes that took place over a decade and a half across 1,000 U.S. ZIP codes. The study found that there are easy ways to quantify gentrification statistics when looking at median home value, median household income, and the population that holds a bachelor’s or higher degree.
Based on the results of the study, we analyzed the top five MetroMBA universities in gentrified areas.
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University of Southern California
Located less than five miles away from ZIP code 90014 in Los Angeles, USC Marshall is just on the edge of the most gentrified area in the U.S. Over the last 16 years, this area has witnessed:
- A 707 percent increase in home values
- A 95 percent increase in median household income
- And an 857 percent increase in people holding bachelors or higher degrees
So, while some at USC might be fighting gentrification, it may not be working. Just last year, USC opened up a brand-new $700 million USC Village with a Target Express, Trader Joe’s, and 15 restaurants, transforming the surrounding neighborhood. And even though as part of the development USC provided $20 million for construction of off-site subsidized housing, there are still concerns.
“Across the street, land values are going to increase,” Joe Donlin, Associate Director of Strategic Actions for a Just Economy, told KPCC. “We know the landlords are going to rent at higher levels of rent.”
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Howard University
Located in Washington, D.C. Zip Code 20001, Howard University’s campus is located directly in the second most gentrified area in the U.S. Over 16 years, the area has witnessed:
- A 207 percent increase in home values
- A 163 percent increase in median household income
- And a 212 percent increase in people holding bachelors or higher degrees
The gentrification statistics of the Howard University area hasn’t gone unnoticed. According to NPR, there has been a drastic change:
“The area, located just a couple of miles north of Capitol Hill, was once working-class and black. But as hundreds of new residents move to D.C. each month, more non-black residents move into Howard’s neighborhood. And as property values rise, the university is trying to capitalize on the hot real estate market.”
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University of Houston — Downtown
Located just steps away from zip code 77003, The University of Houston campus is located near the third most gentrified area in the U.S. In the last decade and a half, the area has seen:
- A 284 percent increase in home values
- A 71 percent increase in median household income
- And a 443 percent increase in people holding bachelors or higher degrees
Much of the gentrification can be laid at the university’s feet as its student housing footprint has expanded into surrounding neighborhoods over the last decades. According to the Houston Chronicle, “In the portion of the neighborhood closest to downtown, which includes Emancipation Park, median home values increased 176 percent between 2000 and 2013, according to an analysis of census estimates conducted by Governing.”
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University of Pennsylvania
The Wharton School at UPenn is less than five miles outside the fourth most gentrified neighborhood in the country: zip code 19123. This area, over the last 16 years, has noticed:
- A 203 percent increase in home values
- A 95 percent increase in median household income
- And a 230 percent increase in people holding bachelors or higher degrees.
In fact, UPenn has had a complicated history with gentrification over the years, dubbed Penntrification by some. The problem, according to The Daily Pennsylvania, is that in West Philadelphia Penn students’ demand for housing is displacing low-income families. There have even been protests criticizing the university for causing gentrification in the area.
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Texas Christian University
Fort Worth, TX, contains the sixth most gentrified area in the U.S.; just two miles away from Texas Christian University (TCU). Over 16 years, the area has witnessed:
- A 323 percent increase in home values
- A 103 percent increase in median household income
- And a 122 percent increase in people holding bachelors or higher degrees
While Fort Worth’s growth has brought new life to the city’s urban core, it’s also sky-rocketed property values. In particular, the areas around TCU are growing quickly. The university recently completed a $100 million renovation for its football stadium—just five years after its last overhaul, which reportedly cost $164 million.
Research from Jones School Finds Importance of Direct Customer Connection
New research from faculty at the Rice University – Jones Graduate School of Business looks at how companies can redefine customer service and achieve success through a stronger understanding of their customers.
USD Business Professor Explains Millennial Creativity Problems
According to a recent study by IBM, the number one employee trait most desired by 1,500 executives is creativity. Unfortunately, the same survey revealed that more than 50 percent of executives struggle with recognizing and embracing creative solutions. According to Jennifer Mueller, an Associate Professor of Management at the University of San Diego School of Business Administration, the struggle with creativity isn’t a new or isolated problem. Continue reading…
Where Are All The Salespeople Going? HBS Examines
The rise of e-commerce and precipice decline in the overall number of person-to-person sales didn’t require the insight of an ardent futurist.
With the monumental ascent of companies like Amazon and Alibaba, consumers steering away from the help of sales people was, perhaps, obvious. But the reality of why wasn’t simply because of modern convenience, finds Harvard Business Review.
The publication cites a 2015 report from research firm Forrester, which argued that by 2020 nearly “one million” people could lose their sales jobs. The damning figure is in direct contrast to the rise of what Harvard calls “social selling.” The term simply refers to salespeople utilizing specialized content and digital communication as a major part of their sales approach, which has helped build significantly stronger sales data, but comes with the cost of losing traditional sales techniques. Which would eliminate future jobs in the field.
“Social selling makes sense for achieving quota and revenue objectives for multiple reasons,” write authors Laurence Minsky and Keith A. Quesenberry. “First, three out of four B2B buyers rely on social media to engage with peers about buying decisions. In a recent B2B buyers survey, 53 percent of the respondents reported that social media plays a role in assessing tools and technologies, and when making a final selection.”
“In addition, more than three-quarters (82 percent) of the B2B buyers said the winning vendor’s social content had a significant impact on their buying decision,” they continue. “A LinkedIn survey found that B2B buyers are five times more likely to engage with a sales rep who provides new insights about their business or industry. Another survey showed that 72 percent of the B2B salespeople who use social media report that they outperformed their sales peers, and more than half of them indicated they closed deals as a direct result of social media.”
The success, ultimately, may be predicated on bringing forms of traditional sales techniques, social selling and the utilization of progressive communication tools.
“What’s more, sales and marketing can collaborate on information to ensure that their efforts are aligned and to identify common goals and metrics that both teams can support. Since sales pride themselves on their one-on-one relationships with customers, they can discuss with marketing customer successes and concerns, changing customer needs, customer questions and industry updates.”
Read the entire HBS report here.
Creativity Thrives on Idea of Scarcity, According to Carey School Research
A study co-authored by Johns Hopkins Carey Business School Assistant Professor Meng Zhu finds that when it comes to creativity, less can be more. The study was co-authored by Ravi Mehta from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and published in the Journal of Consumer Research.
